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The ASEAN Secretariat proposed that the preparation of the sixth State of Environment Report (SOER6) should include the development of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) which could serve as a monitoring tool for the progress of implementation of the ASEAN Strategic Plan on Environment 2016-2025 (ASPEN), and as the basis for data requirements during...

Thailand has introduced a wide range of policies intended to reduce the adverse impacts of air pollution on human health, crop yields, and other development priorities. Thailand has also adopted increasingly ambitious climate policies as part of global efforts to keep warming within safe levels. Since emissions contributing to air pollution and...

Approximately 140 countries have committed to achieving net zero emissions by the middle of the century under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. To attain this target, local governments can play a pivotal role in coordinating decarbonisation efforts across multiple sectors, in collaboration with citizens, companies, and...

Carbon pricing instruments (CPIs) are being developed at different rates and in different forms in ASEAN Member States. The CPI survey focused on six AMS—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam (hereafter referred as AMS-6). Taking into account the availability of facility-level MRV guidelines as well as the sectoral...

The ASEAN State of Climate Change Report (ASCCR) provides an overall outlook of the state of play of climate change issues in the ASEAN region. ASCCR is also a forward-looking report, which includes recommendations on making the transition toward 2030 and on to 2050 for both adaptation and mitigation, considering ASEAN’s development context and the...

Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are at the heart of the Paris Agreement and the achievement of these long-term goals. NDCs embody efforts by each country to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. The Paris Agreement requires each Party to prepare, communicate and maintain successive NDCs that it intends to...

On 1 May 2020, the National Institute of Urban Affairs, NIUA, (autonomous body under India’s Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs) and the National Mission for Clean Ganga, NMCG, (under India’s Ministry of Jal Shakti) organized an Ideathon on “The Future of River Management”. The purpose of this Ideathon was to use the current COVID-19 crisis as a...

Climate change deepens poverty; whereas, researches have shown financial inclusion is one of the best ways to build resilience to the climate change effects. Inclusive green finance is an evolving policy area in which member institutions of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) are beginning to implement policies, regulations and national...

The Global Environment Outlook (GEO) is the result of a consultative and participatory process to prepare an independent assessment of the state of the environment, the effectiveness of the policy response in addressing environmental challenges and the possible pathways to achieving various internationally agreed environmental goals. The GEO is a...

This chapter introduces Part B of GEO-6: Policies, Goals, Objectives and Environmental Governance: An Assessment of Their Effectiveness.