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Providing a decent life and well-being for nearly 10 billion1 people by 2050, without further compromising the ecological limits of our planet and its benefits, is one of the most serious challenges and responsibilities humanity has ever faced. People worldwide rely on the smooth functioning of Earth’s natural life-support systems, in different...

An analysis of pathways towards sustainable development needs a long-term vision. Ideally, such a vision is summarized in a quantitative set of globally agreed key objectives or targets. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in September 2015, conceptualizes sustainable development through 17 SDGs and is further operationalized...

The importance of good policy design cannot be overstressed. Some common elements are: i. setting a long-term vision and avoiding crisis-mode policy decisions, through inclusive, participatory design processes; ii. establishing a baseline, quantified targets and milestones; iii. conducting ex ante and ex post cost–benefit or costeffectiveness...