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National‐scale monitoring of mangrove forests, including their spatial structure (e.g., canopy height and above‐ground biomass), is necessary for the implementation of global agreements related to climate change and biodiversity conservation. Field measurements of mangrove structural parameters, however, are costly to collect. Here, we investigated...

This report presents the results of the technical expert review of the first biennial transparency report of Finland, conducted by a technical expert review team in accordance with the modalities, procedures and guidelines for the transparency framework for action and support referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement. The review took place...

This presentation examines how climate security can be systematically integrated into national adaptation planning to enhance both human and national security outcomes. Drawing on a review of 67 National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) submitted to the UNFCCC, the study identifies significant gaps in how countries conceptualize and operationalize security...

National adaptation plans (NAPs) in general and in Asia in particular often focus primarily on domestic climate risks, but the increasing significance of transboundary climate impacts calls for a broader, interconnected perspective. For example, disruptions in agricultural production in food-exporting countries, such as India, caused by climate...

As of September 2025, only 54 NDCs with the target year of 2035 have been submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), showing the slow progress of climate commitments from both developed and developing countries. This means that the 30 th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP30), to be held in November...

China, the world largest emitter of greenhouse gases, committed to realize carbon neutrality before 2060, accordingly, the country’s climate policies have been highly concerned. China’s emissions mitigation measures focused on regulations and financial support in the past. Along with a growing recognition on the advantages of market mechanisms, the...

Critical energy transition minerals (CETMs) are vital for clean energy technologies, but their life cycle is associated with substantial environmental, social, and governance risks. These risks disproportionately affect local communities and countries in the Global South, where much of CETM extraction takes place. Despite bearing the burden of...

The grand design has been formulated recently for the ‘Growth-oriented Carbon Pricing’ concept in Japan. The blended approach, combining voluntary participation of the businesses with phased regulatory enforcement, deserves attention due to its potential to serve as a model for other countries in Asia. This paper gives an overview of the latest...

Highland communities are facing numerous challenges that heighten their susceptibility to climate change, particularly because of rapid alterations in land use and land cover, which in turn affect local ecosystems. In the absence of non-governmental organizations and other non-state entities, local governments assume a crucial role in enhancing...

The knowledge product “Vulnerability of Highland Agriculture: Current and Future Climate Change Scenarios – Insights from Nan Province, Thailand” assesses how climate change is affecting smallholder highland farming systems in northern Thailand, with a detailed case study from Bua Yai subdistrict in Nan Province. Using climate projections, crop...