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From a planetary-health perspective, the transgression of planetary boundaries through climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution is shrinking the safe operating space for humanity. The degradation of air, water, soil and ecosystems undermines nutrition, disease control and resilience. The planetary-health framing therefore highlights the need...

Inadequate national implementation efforts, particularly policies and budgets, could be an important reason why the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are off track. Identification and assessment of policies and budgets should be a major focus of the SDG follow-up and review process, especially the Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs), to strengthen...

The Pact for the Future adopted in September 2024 calls for the 2027 SDG Summit to discuss advancing development goals beyond 2030. Since Autumn 2025, this theme has been discussed in some meetings and workshops. For example, the World EXPO in Osaka, Japan hosted a forum on “SDGs +Beyond”; “Future of Sustainable Development” workshop was held at...

Excerpt from Preface: Climate action has long been the main focus of global sustainability efforts. From a biodiversity point of view, frameworks to manage greenhouse gases need to do more than track emissions. They should, at least, avoid harming biodiversity and at best be proactive tools for sustaining the complex ecosystems that help us...

In Japan, almost all Climate Citizens’ Assemblies (CCAs) to date have been held at the municipal level. Although considerable efforts have been made to produce valuable recommendations—those that go beyond existing local climate policies-, the usefulness of CCAs in Japan continues to be questioned. This case study examines two contrasting...

This report presents the results of the technical expert review of the first biennial transparency report of Chile, conducted by a technical expert review team in accordance with the modalities, procedures and guidelines for the transparency framework for action and support referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement. The review took place...

The term “transformative change” has evolved into a one-stop-shop concept in sustainability circles. In peer-reviewed journals in the fields of environmental science, agricultural and biological sciences, and earth and planetary sciences, it appeared only 75 times prior to 2010, but 1,012 times from 2010 to 2019, and 3,534 times in just the first...

2025 年 1 月の第 2 次トランプ政権発足以来、米大統領府は、'\リ協定脱退や石炭産業活性化に関する大統領令を相次いで発出し、米環境保護庁(EPA)は、温室効果ガスの影響に関する危険性認定を含む約 30 項目の環境規制の見直しを公表するなど、トランプ政権は、バイデン政権が進めてきた脱炭素政策からの全面的な見直しを目指しており、米国の環境、気候変動政策は大きく転換している。 また、トランプ政権は国連組織等の国際機関への拠出の一時停止や見直しを行うとともに、国務省、EPA、USAID をはじめとする連邦政府組織の見直し、大規模な人員削減を実施。USAID の機能停止により、世界各地での支援が停止するなど、世界中に影響が広がっている。 本業務では、こうした米国における環境...

本研修は，2025 年1 月に実施したエジプトがパリ協定の下で強化された透明性枠組み「enhanced transparency framework (ETF)」に沿った国内システムを確立することを企図した国別研修の続編として，実施された．気候変動はエジプトを含む全世界の脅威であり，エジプトも加盟する気候変動枠組条約の下，2016 年に発効したパリ協定では，全ての国が「国が決定する貢献」（Nationally Determined Contributions; NDC）を作成し，自身が表明した温室効果ガス(GHGs)削減・抑制目標に沿って取組を進める必要がある．また，その進捗・結果をモニタリングし，2 年毎に透明性報告書（Biennial Transparency Report; BTR...

This chapter explores a decent climate policy in Japan against the background of the unfortunate current situation resulting from Japan’s unwise climate and energy policies to date. Japan experienced serious industrial pollution during its period of rapid economic growth from the 1960s onward, as exemplified by Minamata disease and Yokkaichi air...