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The indicator “co-benefits of the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) of municipal solid waste on climate change mitigation” aims to maximize use of resources which can significantly contribute not only to reduce GHG emissions but also to receive other co-benefits such as creating green jobs, improving social well-being, reducing health risks, enhancing...

Th is report was developed by Friends of the Earth Japan (FoE Japan) and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) with updated case studies as an English-language version of the Japanese report “Yori sukunai shigen de yori yutakana kurashi wo (A Richer Life with Fewer Resources),” published by FoE Japan in March 2013. This report...

The indicator “promoting full-scale use of agricultural biomass residue and livestock waste” aims to maximise use of agricultural biomass residue and livestock waste through reuse and recycling measures. This would bring about a number of co‐benefits, including GHG emission reduction, energy security, poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods in...

MSW (municipal solid waste) generation and MSW generation per capita refer to indicators of environmental pressures humankind exerts on the environment (OECD, 2003), and by extension, environmental pressures caused by the use of natural resources. Currently, 340 million tons of MSW is generated a year in South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific Region...