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The Kyoto Protocol is a landmark in international environmental law. As the first derived legal instrument of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, its negotiation has been pioneering, and consequently the path has not always been smooth. This paper outlines the international political history of the Kyoto Protocol, placing the...

This paper proposes a comprehensive land-use management program aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of land management within urban growth areas and at the same time managing areas around the outside of urban growth boundaries through controlled development, thereby facilitating both development and conservation in areas around urban centers. This...

Public-private partnership-based services could be one of the better solutions for developing urban environmental infrastructure - which includes sewage treatment and municipal solid waste disposal services - in developing countries. Due to the low availability of funds for investment in the public sector and operating inefficiencies in government...

The Kyoto Protocol was signed at the third Convention of the Parties (COP 3) in 1997, and its participating nations are now formulating national and international guidelines to achieve the protocol’s goals as they wait for it to come into force. At the same time, nations not participating in the protocol are taking measures to achieve parallel...

Global climate change has been one of the most contentious issues in international negotiations since the 1980s. At the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro - popularly known as the Earth Summit - most countries of the world adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)...

Remarks: http://www.iges.or.jp/jp/climate/climate_update/201609_tanaka.html

Remarks: http://www.iges.or.jp/jp/climate/climate_update/201606_suzuki.html

Remarks: http://www.iges.or.jp/jp/climate/climate_update/201606_tamura.html

Remarks: http://www.iges.or.jp/jp/climate/climate_update/201606_yoshino.html

Both hydropower dams and global warming pose threats to freshwater fish diversity. While the extent of global warming may be reduced by a shift towards energy generation by large dams in order to reduce fossil-fuel use, such dams profoundly modify riverine habitats. Furthermore, the threats posed by dams and global warming will interact: for...