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The Asia-Pacific region, with over 4.6 billion people by 2016, is the home of nearly 60% of the world population. Rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization and changes in consumption patterns, including shifting diets toward highly water-intensive foods such as meats, which have led to a significant increase in water demand, and...

Although an enormous progress has been made over the last 25 years regarding the increased access to improved on-site sanitation such as septic tanks in urban areas of Indonesia, but unfortunately most of them are soak pits of poorly designed, constructed, open bottomed septic tanks. Particularly, due to lack of regular de-sludging and maintenance...

Key Messages - Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world with a total population of more than 260 million people, of which more than half of them are now living in urban areas, and less than 2% are connected to centralised sewer network and treatment system. This situation creates a huge burden for urban environment and...

New social movements are constantly emerging that aim to implement sustainable solutions: the Return to Rural movement is a typical case that operates on the underlying premise that the current development centred consumer society should recognize the urgent need for radical shift due to the scale of catastrophic environmental degradation and socio...

2005年に欧州でキャップ&トレード型の欧州連合域内排出量取引制度（EU ETS: European Union Emissions Trading System）が導入された。EU-ETSは世界で最も歴史の長いETS制度であり、世界の気候変動施策を先取りしたものとして、追随して行われている他の国内排出量取引制度のモデルにもなっている。EU加盟国間の大きな経済格差を含む複雑な事情と経済状況の低迷に対処する中、フェーズ1の実施からの14年間、現在に至るまで多くの課題への対処がなされてきた。しかしながら、試行錯誤的なものも含めて制度内容の変遷も大きく、非常に複雑な制度であることも否めない。 EU ETSに関しては、和文での文献、図書及びWeb上での情報は数多く存在し...

The "JCM in CHARTS" series aim to provide a comprehensive and easy-to-understand description of the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) in each host country. This version describes the rules, procedures, and references for implementing the JCM in Vietnam.

The "JCM in CHARTS" series aim to provide a comprehensive and easy-to-understand description of the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) in each host country. This version describes the rules, procedures, and references for implementing the JCM in Myanmar.

Climate change adaptation and mitigation (CCA&M) policies should be developed in an integrated manner to maximize their effectiveness. There is relatively little common understanding, however, as to how to best achieve this in practice. At the local level, holistic approaches to land-use planning and management have the potential to help meet this...

本委託業務では、カンボジア、ラオスにおける報告体制等の構築のためのコンサルテーション等を実施し、当該国における報告に係る情報収集と報告改善に向けた意見交換を行った。また、アジア地域及び中南米地域諸国を対象とした知見共有のための合同ワークショップを企画、運営し、同地域の担当官に対して、最新の交渉結果や報告に関する知見提供を行い、議論を深めた上で、報告に関する実施ルールに資するべく議論をまとめた。更に、各国が提出する隔年更新報告書（BUR）データベースの作成・公開、及びUNFCCC事務局への報告に関する意見書の提出を行うことで、成果の国際的な情報発信を実施した。

This chapter introduces Part B of GEO-6: Policies, Goals, Objectives and Environmental Governance: An Assessment of Their Effectiveness.