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The West Asia and North African (WANA) countries are projected to undergo a range of climate change impacts that can put even greater pressure on the already over utilized water and land resources in the region calling for an urgent intervention for climate change risk reduction in these countries. Though WANA appears to be a rich region from the...

This study tests whether an international market exists in the platinum-group metal (PGM) futures markets. For this purpose, we tested the law of one price (LOP) and the causality between the U.S. and Japanese platinum and palladium futures markets. We also performed the test when structural breaks are considered. Long-run price relationships were...

In the negotiations for the future climate change regime, the establishment of a measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) structure aiming to secure transparency of the Parties’ reduction goals and reduction activities for greenhouse gas emissions is positioned as one of the major negotiation agendas. There is a common recognition that MRV...

This paper reviews the trend of biofuel development and performance of biofuel projects under CDM as well as provides insights on how biofuel projects could transition to NAMAs. The author emphasizes that ensuring the sustainability of biofuel production and utilization is the key to overcome the difficulty of biofuels under CDM and facilitate...

In 2009, President Barack Obama and a majority Democratic 111th Congress came to office in a favorable position to enact federal climate legislation. But less than two years later prospects for passing that legislation dimmed considerably. Most explanations for this turn of events fault 1) institutional rules requiring bills receive a 60-vote supra...

Over the past five years, China has adopted increasingly ambitious reforms aimed at mitigating its greenhouse gases (GHGs). These reforms stand in sharp contrast to the view that China would struggle to craft a comprehensive climate policy due to conflicts with national interests and fragmented policymaking institutions. This paper argues that this...

One of the key functions of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) will be to provide financial support for countries adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change. Yet designing a mechanism that can manage the wide range of cross-national adaption needs will be challenging. This paper draws upon experiences with relevant funding mechanisms—the...

Investment in low carbon technologies has been growing over the past few years. However, in order to replace conventional high energy/high carbon intensity technologies with low carbon ones and reduce GHG emissions, innovative financial schemes are needed in order to effectively utilise limited global financing resources. Such limited financial...