出版物

A series of decisions made at COP18 in Doha, Qatar imposes considerable restrictions on the use of the Kyoto mechanisms by countries that do not submit greenhouse gas reduction targets for the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, including Japan. This policy brief overviews the limits to Japan’s use of the Kyoto mechanisms due to the...

The EPR indicator refers to the existence or strengthening of policies on recycling and waste management targeting specific end-of-life products or waste streams, and involves producers in recycling or waste management activities. Such policies make producers and importers physically and financially responsible for used product take-back...

Public awareness of appropriate solid waste management practices (3Rs; Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) is the starting point for and fundamental ingredient of a sound material-cycle and resource-efficient society. Public awareness forms the basis of public capacity, which enables the public to undertake actual actions of each element of the 3Rs. Such...

Agenda 21, which was adopted at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED Earth Summit), placed Green Purchasing as a key tool to both reduce environmental load and raise levels of sustainable consumption and production. Further, Goal 22 of the HaNoi 3R Declaration (Sustainable 3R Goals or Asia for 2013-2023) is to...

The basic qualitative indicator Hazardous Waste refers to the existence of regulations controlling hazardous waste. The presence of regulations themselves should also promote environmentally sound management of hazardous waste. Amounts and rates of generation of hazardous waste are the main quantitative indicators. To assess a country’s hazardous...