How to frame non-economic losses and damages (NELDs) for a systematic synthesis of current state of knowledge in Africa?

This presentation, delivered at the ASCEND Workshop in Cape Town, addresses how to frame non-economic losses and damages (NELDs) for a systematic synthesis of knowledge in Africa. It emphasises the complexity and multidimensionality of NELDs, shaped by diverse disciplines such as social sciences, environmental studies, law, and politics. The presentation explores various framing determinants, including disciplinary origins, assessment purposes, socio-cultural contexts, temporal aspects, and ethical considerations. Multiple framing approaches—such as typological, ethical-justice, cultural-identity, psychological-emotional, governance-legal, and indicator-based—are reviewed, highlighting their implications. The presentation warns against relying on a single framing and instead recommends a plural framing approach to capture the richness and diversity of perspectives. It also notes the undue emphasis on economic L&D, lack of clarity on residual risks and adaptation limits, and ongoing contentious issues like whether to integrate L&D with adaptation or monetise NELDs.