松本 奈穂子

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is commonly understood to mean a system that emphasises priority for and rapid movement of buses by securing segregated busways, although there is no precise definition of what constitutes a BRT system (International Energy Agency (IEA) 2002; Wright 2005). From an environmental perspective, BRTs have the potential to reduce...

Policy makers in many large cities in Asia recently started to consider the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as an option for their urban transport. This research aims to uncover the reason why introductions of BRTs in Asia were accelerated around 2004 from the perspective of lesson-drawing. Specifically, through comparative study of policy process for...

Vehicle fuel taxes on gasoline and diesel have been introduced in many countries and are generally considered to be a road user fee intended to fund roadway projects and services (Jones and Nix 1995 and Brown 2001, cited in Litman 2003). However, given the fact that fuel consumption is causing environmental degradation, it can be justified to use...

Attempts to change travel behaviour through psychological strategies, instead of regulatory measures or economic incentives, began to be introduced in the 1990s. This policy option focuses on these new programmes and defines "travel awareness initiatives for wise use of automobiles" as programmes which aim to change travel behaviour through...

Road pricing means that motorists pay directly for driving on a particular roadway. Road pricing can be applied at various levels, such as a bridge or a tunnel, a roadway section, roadways in a corridor, all roads in an area (such as a central business district), or roadways at regional centres. Road pricing schemes targeting roads in an area take...

Car sharing is a scheme which offers members access to a vehicle without ownership. Vehicles are collectively owned and maintained by car sharing organisations. The system can be thought of as organised short-term car rental; people who want to use those vehicles become members of those organisations, and make reservations when they need to drive...

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a system that emphasises priority for and rapid movement of buses by securing segregated busways. BRT is also called other names including “high-capacity bus systems,” “high-quality bus systems”, “metro-bus” “express bus systems,” “busway systems,” and “surface metro systems”. The extent of dedicated infrastructure and...

"Compact city" in this policy option refers to land planning focusing on higher density and better accessibility which reduces automobile dependency. "Smart growth" is a general term for land use practices that create more accessible land use patterns which reduce the amount of travel needed to reach goods and services (Litman, 2003a). Experiences...

The transport sector provides vital services in urban areas, but at the same time causes serious urban problems. The negative effects of urban transport activities include air pollution, accidents, congestion, noise from road transport, energy consumption, and consumption of land and other natural resources for the production of vehicles and...

Strategy: Development of environmentally sustainable transport systems in urban areas Environmental areas: Climate change, air pollution, urban environment Critical instruments: Awareness raising; design, planning and management; partnership Country: Japan Location: Sapporo Participants: Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau (regional development...