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The International Energy Agency estimates that to hit net-zero globally by 2050, six times more critical minerals will be required in 2040 than today. The rapid increase in demand for critical minerals is likely to increase price volatility. This could aggravate energy security concerns, and thereby delay the necessary clean energy transition...

T7 Policy brief: Task Force on Wellbeing, Environmental Sustainability, and Just Transition As the world’s most developed economies, the Group of Seven (G7) countries play a crucial role in leading the transition to net-zero, which necessitates the use of critical minerals (CMs) in various clean energy applications. However, the growing demand for...

This policy brief aims to answer a critical question: how can policymakers, civil society, and researchers address air pollution, climate change, and socioeconomic equity with inclusive solutions ? The brief argues that much of the answer will involve reframing how policymakers, civil society groups, and researchers perceive the interrelationship...

1. The ASEAN State of Climate Change Report (ASCCR) presented ASEAN’s mitigation goal: i) Achieve net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as early as possible in the latter half of the 21st century; and ii) Cap peak GHG emissions as soon as possible after 2030 to ensure the net-zero GHG emission goal is met on schedule. 2. However, the updated...

A series of decisions made at COP18 in Doha, Qatar imposes considerable restrictions on the use of the Kyoto mechanisms by countries that do not submit greenhouse gas reduction targets for the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, including Japan. This policy brief overviews the limits to Japan’s use of the Kyoto mechanisms due to the...

This brief aims to classify the MRV (Measuring or Monitoring, Reporting and Verification) system of GHG emissions/reductions according to its object, aim, methodology and implementation body to demonstrate that there are significant differences between each type of MRV system. It also suggests the need to develop of new type of MRV system for...

Despite its conceptual ambiguity, NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions) provides a practical opportunity for developing countries to achieve low-carbon development. This policy brief assesses the formulation process of NAMAs in selected Southeast Asian countries with three essential criteria: technical, mainstreaming and institutional...

The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, committed industrialised countries to accept legally-binding targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions collectively by an average of 5% below 1990 levels in the first commitment period from 2008 to 2012. According to the latest report by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)...