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Assessment of the progress of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the safeguarding of ecosystems from the perverse negative impacts caused by Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus (REDD+) requires the development of spatiotemporally robust and sensitive indicators of...

This second volume’s theme is “mainstreaming concepts and approaches of SEPLS into policy and decision-making “, covering topics including advocacy, multi-stakeholder engagement, facilitation and coordination of institutions, concrete tools and information useful for policymakers and stakeholders. The volume compiles seven selected case studies...

Supply of non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) is an important provisioning ecosystem service. It is often argued that forest conservation contributes to poverty alleviation through provisioning of NTFPs to the poor. However, implicit assumptions of the argument that NTFPs are more intensively utilized by poor who lack alternative sub-sistence...

This paper modifies and uses an advanced computable general equilibrium model coupled with biophysical data on land and water resources by agro-ecological zone at the river basin level to examine the economy-wide consequences of improvements in water use efficiency (WUE) in irrigation in South Asia. This is the first time the benefits of such...

Both hydropower dams and global warming pose threats to freshwater fish diversity. While the extent of global warming may be reduced by a shift towards energy generation by large dams in order to reduce fossil-fuel use, such dams profoundly modify riverine habitats. Furthermore, the threats posed by dams and global warming will interact: for...

Various forms of sustainable agriculture have been promoted in the Asia and Pacific region, with organic agriculture constituting the single most important form. There is a commonality in the way sustainable agriculture has been defined, but often these definitions miss nuances such as its relation to climate change. Several sustainable agriculture...

Recognising the importance of markets to sustainable forest management, this document provides guidance to timber buyers on the steps that they can take to responsibly purchase Papua New Guinean export timber. Log exports have been a major foreign exchange earner for PNG, but weak enforcement of forest laws means that the forest estate is mostly...

Developing countries must submit forest reference emission levels (FRELs) to the UNFCCC to receive incentives for REDD+ activities (e.g. reducing emissions from deforestation/forest degradation, sustainable management of forests, forest carbon stock conservation/enhancement). These FRELs are generated based on historical CO2 emissions in the land...

A policy mechanism is needed to better integrate the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable management of terrestrial and maritime ecosystems in a practical and coherent way in order to achieve food security and improved livelihoods. An integrated landscape approach can provide the basis for such a mechanism by facilitating...

Water is one of the enablers for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Climate Agreement goals, especially on adaption. However, global water resources are under increasing pressure due to the growing gap between water supply and demand, wasteful use of water, anthropogenic water pollution, lack of integration in sectoral...