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Today, 54% of the world’s population live in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66% by 2050. Major cities and municipalities in the region rely either fully or partially on groundwater. Four highly relevant Asian cities (Bangkok, Bandung, Ho Chi Minh and Lahore) were selected which bear groundwater dependency in the range of...

This report is related to the feasibility study on the potential application of Japanese low carbon technologies, namely compressed air system was conducted on November 8, 2017 at Endo Forging (THAILAND) CO., LTD. at Plaeng Yao in Thailand. It was a part of the activities conducted in India in FY2017 under the “Technology Assessment” project, which...

Both hydropower dams and global warming pose threats to freshwater fish diversity. While the extent of global warming may be reduced by a shift towards energy generation by large dams in order to reduce fossil-fuel use, such dams profoundly modify riverine habitats. Furthermore, the threats posed by dams and global warming will interact: for...

This working paper assesses the groundwater-WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) nexus based on an analysis of domestic water uses in three groundwater dependent Asian Cities: Hanoi (Viet Nam), Kathmandu (Nepal), and Khulna (Bangladesh). The paper analyses the pull (benefits) and push (constraints) factors for use of groundwater by residents in...

This paper provides an overview of Thailand's national policy on municipal solid waste (MSW) management and recycling, which is aligned to the country's sufficiency economic policy and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle). It summarizes the current actual waste management and recycling scenario in the country, provides examples of local initiatives to...

Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies seem to be an option to tackle the growing waste management problems in developing Asia. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the environmental and economic attributes of two major WtE technologies: landfill gas to energy (LFG-to-energy) and incineration in Thai cities. Net greenhouse gas (GHG)...

Groundwater is the sole source of water supply in Khulna. It is abstracted both by municipality and privately. Furthermore, it is an important source of irrigation at the outskirts of the city and an important source of water supply during disasters that occur quite frequently. Despite the easy availability of groundwater, Khulna is facing acute...

Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate-induced disasters. Poor and vulnerable people living in the country’s many disaster-prone areas are systematically excluded from access to the formal banking systems. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) provide the opportunity of financial inclusion for these people. This paper reveals that MFIs provide...

This document aims to provide a comprehensive and easy-to-understand description of the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) including JCM concept, JCM project cycle, JCM related bodies, JCM project methodology, project design document (PDD), Registration process, post registration activities, procedure for issuance of credits, and procedure for...

This is a final report on the project for promoting Asian regional collaboration on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), under a lump-sum contract with Ministry of the Environment, Japan in FY 2017. The project consists of three components: i) Study on policy and implementation of country EIA system in seven Asian countries, namely, Cambodia...