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Recently, negotiations have intensified over a post-2020 framework to address climate change. This framework is applicable to all the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and one of the most contentious issues is how diverse Parities with different national circumstances should contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse...

[Main messages] - Women are disproportionately susceptible to the risks of climate change but lack equal access to the benefits of climate finance. - This imbalance represents a missed opportunity: women are more inclined to invest in health, nutrition, education and other drivers of development. - Rectifying this imbalance could prove challenging...

This issue brief argues that an ambitious goal on education will be essential to the success of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and should address not only the need for universal education, but also substantially aim to improve overall efficacy of education through a qualitative turn in framing education to provide sustainable well-being...

The indicator “promoting full-scale use of agricultural biomass residue and livestock waste” aims to maximise use of agricultural biomass residue and livestock waste through reuse and recycling measures. This would bring about a number of co‐benefits, including GHG emission reduction, energy security, poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods in...

MSW (municipal solid waste) generation and MSW generation per capita refer to indicators of environmental pressures humankind exerts on the environment (OECD, 2003), and by extension, environmental pressures caused by the use of natural resources. Currently, 340 million tons of MSW is generated a year in South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific Region...

The Recycling Rate and Target is often presented as a proportional value (%) and reflects the proportion of materials recycled or recovered from waste or the rate of inclusion of recycled materials in products. High figures usually imply progress in recycling activities. The indicator has several different aspects: 1) Ratio of recycled materials...

Most industrial operations are linear processes in which raw materials are processed into products, with waste as a by-product. However, waste is also generated at the time of raw material extraction, during processing, and ultimately at the end-of-life stage of a product. To minimise, reutilise or recycle waste at each stage, industrial operations...

The basic qualitative indicator Hazardous Waste refers to the existence of regulations controlling hazardous waste. The presence of regulations themselves should also promote environmentally sound management of hazardous waste. Amounts and rates of generation of hazardous waste are the main quantitative indicators. To assess a country’s hazardous...

Global sales of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) have been rising significantly over the last few years. The rapid uptake of information technology around the world, coupled with frequent design and technology updates in the EEE manufacturing sector is causing the early obsolescence of many of these EEEs, resulting in a rise in electrical...

The EPR indicator refers to the existence or strengthening of policies on recycling and waste management targeting specific end-of-life products or waste streams, and involves producers in recycling or waste management activities. Such policies make producers and importers physically and financially responsible for used product take-back...