This submission is the IGES’s view on agenda item 6 of the Ad-Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA), “Matters relating to the global stocktake referred to in Article 14 of the Paris Agreement”. With a view to contributing the development of modalities of the global stocktake, it proposes the overall framework (consisted of technical and...
At the heart of the successful implementation of the Paris Agreement is whether and how effectively a ratchet-up mechanism through which Parties will increase ambition over time can work. This paper aims to examine the three elements of the ratchet-up mechanism: (1) a linkage between a five-year cycle of nationally determined contributions and long...
This report summarizes the contract work on the post-2020 climate regime for the Ministy of the Environment Japan, including summaries of submissions by major countries to the UNFCCC, reports by internaitonal and research institutes, analysis of climate change negotiations.