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Criticisms raised against the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have placed the development of alternative market mechanisms on the official agenda of international climate change negotiations for the past few years. The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM), initiated by the Japanese government, intends to offer a simpler and more flexible crediting...

Remarks: This paper was revised and the new title is 'Practical guide for improved organic waste management: climate benefits through the 3Rs in developing Asian countries'. The authors recommend readers to follow the revised version that has corrected proof and updating data on waste generation and national policies relevant with waste management...

The Programme of National 3R Strategy Development was initiated as one of the outcomes of the Ministerial Conference on the 3R Initiative held in Tokyo, Japan, in March 2005. The project was funded by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and the Asian Development Bank (for Viet Nam only) and jointly implemented by the United Nations Centre for...

Forest certification is a voluntary, market-based instrument designed to improve forest management by enabling buyers to identify timber products derived from wellmanaged forests. While small forest enterprises make an important contribution to the forest industry in many countries, they have found forest certification difficult to achieve. There...