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地球規模で進む気候変動は、気象の激甚化、そして洪水や干ばつなどの自然災害を世界各地で引き起こし、新たな人道危機を生み出している。すでに社会基盤が脆弱化している紛争下の人々にとって、気候変動はリスクを増幅させる要因にもなっている。気候変動の負の影響が人類の発展や国際政治・経済の安定を阻むこの気候危機とも呼ばれる状況は、「気候安全保障」という視点から捉えることができる。人間の安全保障を掲げて開発援助に注力する日本にとって、気候危機下の人道支援の現状を分析・評価することは、今後の外交政策を展望する上で必須の課題だと言えるだろう。 気候安全保障は「日本国内に直接生じる安全保障リスク」と「日本国外で生じる安全保障リスクから波及して生じる日本の安全保障リスク」の２つに分類できる。本稿では...

In this novel and integrated MAR approach, an offsetting scheme under the concept of payment for ecosystem services (PES) is used to enhance groundwater recharge along the Shirakawa River in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The scheme gives a cash incentive to farmers who pond their abandoned rice fields for groundwater recharge. For a specified period...

Considering the well‐documented impacts of land‐use change on water resources and the rapid land‐use conversions occurring throughout Africa, in this study, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of surface water quality and its relation with the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern in Mokopane, Limpopo province of South Africa. Various physico...

The paper narrates a pilot study to understand disaster preparedness among foreign residents living in Japan, using typhoon Hagibis as a reference. We empirically evaluated an individual disaster preparedness framework following the 72-h golden rule of disaster survival. The framework consisted of 14 variables, and responses were collected over a...

NON-ECONOMIC LOSS AND DAMAGE (NELD) could constitute a major proportion of the total loss and damage caused by any climate-related disasters. Despite this, most NELD has not been well measured and reported in most post-disaster reports and databases and has often not been given the attention it deserves in most disaster risk assessments and risk...

Although greenery in urban areas has many functions, such as mitigation of the urban heat island effect, and reduction of rainfall-induced surface runoff, it is difficult to secure the space required to plant trees in cities, which are crowded with buildings. Therefore, rooftop greening has attracted attention and many cities are adopting and...

Here are some takeaway messages from our work on climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) synergies of interventions. 1. There is an overwhelming agreement on and evidence for CCA and DRR synergies of DRR and CCA interventions respectively. CCA synergies were high when skill development and livelihood development activities...

It has been widely regarded that policies and institutions that are adaptive in nature can deal with climate change adaptation. However, verifying the veracity of this hypothesis is difficult due to the absence of long experience in climate change adaptation in most countries. This chapter is based on reviews and questionnaire survey on evolution...

In the on-going debate on climate change adaptation, much has been focused on the developing countries and little emphasis has been made on the need for adaptation in the developed countries. To fill this gap, this study aims to seek how far a developed country is responding to climate change by considering Japanese agriculture initiatives. The...

It has been widely regarded that policies that are adaptive in nature are better able to deal with dynamic and uncertain issues such as environmental degradation and climate change adaptation. However, verifying the veracity of this hypothesis is difficult in the field of climate change often due to absence of long experience of policy making for...