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In this paper we pointed out a hidden inequality in accounting for trade-related emissions in the presence of border carbon adjustment. Under a domestic carbon pricing policy, producers pay for the carbon costs in exchange for the right to emit. Under border carbon adjustment, however, the exporting country pays for the carbon costs of their...

Informal recycling of electronics in the developing world has emerged as a new global environmental concern. The primary approach to address this problem has been command-and-control policies that ban informal recycling and international trade in electronic scrap. These bans are difficult to enforce and also have negative effects by reducing reuse...

From 1971 to 2010, world trade grew fast by 10% per year on average (World Trade Organization 2011). The rapid growth of international trade contributes not only national economic growth but also increasing environmental pressures, such as raw material extraction and depletion, carbon emissions, water resource deterioration and landscape change and...

For effective and practical implementation of border carbon adjustment, it is crucial to determine the carbon content of imports/exports. In this paper we discussed two criteria. One is direct carbon emissions, which accounts for direct emissions generated from production. The other is embodied emissions which accounts for the total emissions...

This report was developed as part of a series of three research publications on the research project led by UNU-IAS and IGES on monitoring and evaluation of education for sustainable development, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. This report specifically focuses on the development of an appropriate framework for structuring the approach on...

IGESは、昨年度、環境省委託請負業務にて、ベトナム国における3Rプログラムの策定を支援した。これは、同国における2009年制定の「統合的廃棄物国家戦略計画」の実施プログラム1（廃棄物の排出抑制、最小化、再利用・リサイクルの促進）の作成を担当する天然資源環境省（MONRE）ベトナム環境総局（VEA）廃棄物管理環境改善部（WENID）に対し、同国の廃棄物管理の状況や近隣諸国の取組を参考に、同国に適した3R促進策を提案するもの。具体的には、同国に40以上ある（計画中のものも含む）大規模中間処理・堆肥化施設のビジネスモデルの見直し（独立採算で運営できるような環境整備）、街なかで有価物をリサイクルしている人たち（くず屋）の分別指導員としての採用...