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In this paper we pointed out a hidden inequality in accounting for trade-related emissions in the presence of border carbon adjustment. Under a domestic carbon pricing policy, producers pay for the carbon costs in exchange for the right to emit. Under border carbon adjustment, however, the exporting country pays for the carbon costs of their...

The European Union’s Emission Trading System (EU-ETS) is currently the world’s largest market for trading greenhouse gas (GHG) emission allowances (also referred to as permits or credits), and is the EU’s ‘flagship’ climate change mitigation policy. However, in its first eight years the EU-ETS has not been the driver of domestic EU climate change...

From 1971 to 2010, world trade grew fast by 10% per year on average (World Trade Organization 2011). The rapid growth of international trade contributes not only national economic growth but also increasing environmental pressures, such as raw material extraction and depletion, carbon emissions, water resource deterioration and landscape change and...

For effective and practical implementation of border carbon adjustment, it is crucial to determine the carbon content of imports/exports. In this paper we discussed two criteria. One is direct carbon emissions, which accounts for direct emissions generated from production. The other is embodied emissions which accounts for the total emissions...

Current status and future potential of the multi-pollutant approach to air pollution control in Japan, China, and South Korea

1. Exploring the catalysts for sustainable building in Europe 2. Case Studies of Individual Buildings a) High Tech approach: House R128 by Sobek b) Re-Using existing structures: Air Raid Shelter c) Greening architecture and cities: Vertical Gardens d) Re-discovering old building materials: Wooden high-rise building 3. Community level Case-Studies...