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A new method was developed for mapping forest, agricultural, and urban land cover using remote sensing imagery. It is designed to better detect small land cover objects (e.g. small forest or agricultural patches) and monitor their change (e.g. fine-scale deforestation) using freely-available satellite imagery.

In this paper we pointed out a hidden inequality in accounting for trade-related emissions in the presence of border carbon adjustment. Under a domestic carbon pricing policy, producers pay for the carbon costs in exchange for the right to emit. Under border carbon adjustment, however, the exporting country pays for the carbon costs of their...

From 1971 to 2010, world trade grew fast by 10% per year on average (World Trade Organization 2011). The rapid growth of international trade contributes not only national economic growth but also increasing environmental pressures, such as raw material extraction and depletion, carbon emissions, water resource deterioration and landscape change and...

For effective and practical implementation of border carbon adjustment, it is crucial to determine the carbon content of imports/exports. In this paper we discussed two criteria. One is direct carbon emissions, which accounts for direct emissions generated from production. The other is embodied emissions which accounts for the total emissions...

In order to achieve sustainable society, it is necessary to transform industrial structure to the one that does not reduce the Earth's resources. Under this circumstance, a business model of "not selling goods, but selling services" has been expected as a measure of co-existence of business and the environment. This idea, which is called as...

持続可能な社会を築くためには、産業構造を転換し、地球の資源を減少させないようにすることが課題となっている。このような中で「モノを売らずにサービスを売る」というビジネスモデルは、産業と環境が両立する方策として期待されてきた。「製品サービスシステム（Product-Service Systems: PSS）」や「サービサイジング」等と呼ばれるこのアイデアは、欧米や国際機関で研究され、日本にもおいても研究されつつある。 　しかし、PSSのアイデアは、未だ有効に政策展開されていない。その大きな原因は、PSSのコンセプトが未発達なところにある。コンセプトが不十分なままにして、研究者は科学的分析に取り組み、政策担当者は新規政策として活用しようとしているため、関係者の間では混乱が生じている...

A collection of recent and on-going activities at IGES were presented to WRI experts. The presentation focused on three themes, namely: (1) tools and data; (2) research and projects; and (3) Networks.