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In this paper we pointed out a hidden inequality in accounting for trade-related emissions in the presence of border carbon adjustment. Under a domestic carbon pricing policy, producers pay for the carbon costs in exchange for the right to emit. Under border carbon adjustment, however, the exporting country pays for the carbon costs of their...

No natural disaster in recent history has affected so many people’s lives as the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The world’s response in the wake of the tsunami seems so far to have revolved around recognition of the need for early warning systems linking countries and regions that are likely to be affected by the same tsunami or similar...

The standing and competitiveness of a country is largely determined by how the development and growth of its cities are managed. This paper examines the existing environmental situation in Indian cities with the objective of focusing on the emerging urban environmental crisis, which is receiving far less attention than issues such as global warming...

The objective of this paper is to introduce a two-step methodology for determining baselines to evaluate project-based flexible instruments under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, such as the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation. The methodology includes the application of an optimising energy and material flow model...