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This policy brief examines the implications for ASEAN Member States (AMS) of the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and suggests an overall direction for responses. The EU’s CBAM aims to minimize carbon leakage and the loss of the EU’s trade competitiveness due to its more ambitious climate mitigation policies, particularly...

Net primary productivity (NPP) reflects the carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems, serving as a crucial indicator of ecosystem health. Arid and semiarid regions, which are ecologically fragile, respond strongly to climate change and human activities, necessitating adequate NPP monitoring. However, large-scale NPP studies for...

This is a series of international seminars at the UNAM in Mexico City. The objective is to identify the foundations of the cities of the future and to analyse the concepts, problems and examples of this theme in the world. The author presented tha case studies of Tokyo, Bhutan, and Mexico City as a scenario analysis of the future of cities.

Climate change is profoundly impacting snow-dependent regions, altering hydrological cycles and threatening water security. This study examines the relationships between snow water equivalent (SWE), snow cover, temperature, and wind speed in Jammu and Kashmir, India, over five decades (1974–2024). Using ERA5 reanalysis and Indian Meteorological...

The National Climate Policy-GST Alignment Checklist is desgined to assist countries or other stakeholders in assessing the extent of alignment between national climate policies and the outcomes of the first global stocktake (GST1) under the Paris Agreement. These policies includes Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Adaptation...

This assessment explored the extent to which Timor-Leste’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) and national adaptation plan (NAP) align with the outcomes of the first global stocktake (GST), using a systematic review based on a structured checklist. The alignment between the NDC and GST outcomes on mitigation was limited, as Timor-Leste’s NDC...