Assessing the Alignment of National Determined Contributions (NDC) and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) with the Outcomes of the First Global Stocktake (GST1) under the Paris Agreement: A Case Study of Timor-Leste

This assessment explored the extent to which Timor-Leste’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) and national adaptation plan (NAP) align with the outcomes of the first global stocktake (GST), using a systematic review based on a structured checklist. The alignment between the NDC and GST outcomes on mitigation was limited, as Timor-Leste’s NDC focuses on four commitment areas rather than emission reduction targets, which do not align well with the sector-based targets, signals and approaches agreed upon. In contrast, the NAP aligns well with the key agreements and recommendations of the GST outcomes on adaptation, as most of the outcomes were highlighted in the NAP, which shows the effectiveness of the plans and approaches. Being informed by the outcomes of the GST, to enhance NDC and NAP, the NDC could address gaps in coverage and commitment areas by introducing and finalising sectoral policies and setting specific targets for emissions reductions across sectors, supporting effective and transparent implementation. Additionally, for adaptation, it is important to be aware of and include terms that are used in the GST outcomes to promote cooperation between countries, while at the same time working to align with the NAP process and the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA). Furthermore, it is important to integrate climate resilience and action into Timor-Leste’s major economic sectors, strengthen monitoring and evaluation processes, and foster youth and community engagement in climate policy and action.