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This report is for FY2021 contract work with the Ministry of Environment, Japan as the Secretariat of the Asian Co-benefits Partnership (ACP) for the international partnership for promotion of co-benefits approach.

A growing body of evidence suggests that the climate crisis has widened social inequalities. The heightened emphasis on social inequality in international climate negotiations is therefore a welcomed step forward. Another step in this direction involves more explicitly considering the social dimension of co-benefits or “social co-benefits.” This...

Planners worldwide are exploring ways to regenerate shrinking cities, varying from pro-growth strategies with the aim of reversing population losses, to strategies that manage urban decline by adjusting the built environment to a smaller population. However, both approaches are reactionary rather than anticipatory, addressing decline after...

In 2010, the 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP10) to the CBD was held in Japan (Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture). With the participation of 179 parties as well as relevant international organisations and NGOs, a new strategic plan for biodiversity, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets was adopted for the 2011-2020 period. The Aichi...

In recent years, marine plastic litter has been a critical policy issue, and action in an internationally harmonised manner is necessary to tackle this situation. Based on the G20 Implementation Framework for Actions on Marine Plastic Litter, voluntary country reporting has continued since 2019. Three reports with rich country and organisational...

Observed surface air temperature has increased in the 20th century all over Asia (high confidence1). Asian countries are experiencing a hotter summer climate, resulting in an increase in energy demand for cooling at a rapid rate, together with population growth (high confidence). A decrease in precipitation influences energy demand as well, as...

The IPCC Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report addresses the challenges of climate action in the context of sustainable development with a particular focus on climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Since IPCC AR5, human influence on the Earth’s climate has become unequivocal, increasingly apparent, and...

[Please refer to Page 74 in GAR2022 where this work is cited. The full paper will be online soon at the same website as GAR2022] The rapidly changing socio-economic landscape of the Southeast Asian countries is an important driver for systemic risks such as climate change and hydro-geological disasters. Global processes such as the SFDRR, the Paris...

The city of Delhi is facing an overall deterioration of its urban environment due to rapid groundwater abstraction and air pollution, leading to various health issues. The city of Delhi is rapidly expanding as more and more people are migrating to the city for better livelihoods and quality of life. Delhi expanded by 457 sq km during 1989–2014 and...

Expansion of the Gobi desert is severely impacting the agricultural livelihoods of farmers in China and is affecting the wider environment due to transboundary dust storms. The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TNSFP), launched in 1978, has halted desert expansion through an ecological engineering programme of mass afforestation spanning 27.6...