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With more than half the world’s population classified as urban, whether the world achieves global climate change goals increasingly rests on cities. Yet, many policymakers at the city level place clean air and public health before mitigating climate change. Fortunately, since emissions contributing to air pollution and climate change often come...

A ‘Voluntary Local Review’ (VLR) is a process whereby local and regional governments voluntarily carry out a review of progress being made in their implementation of the SDGs. This review includes policies, programmes, data, institutional set-ups and stakeholder engagement mechanisms to implement the 2030 Agenda at the local level. VLRs are then...

This manual was developed based on the needs of on-site operators of small-to-medium scale composting centres (Input of organic waste: < 1 ton/day) in Bandung city in West Java Province to improve their composting method and to provide a hands-on manual for their daily operations. It was therefore designed to be as simple as possible with limited...

Despite suffering significantly from the adverse impacts of climate change and human-induced hazards, many people at risk deliberately choose not to migrate from hazard-prone areas in coastal Bangladesh. As many of them encounter significant challenges in maintaining their livelihoods, ascertaining how and under what circumstances voluntary non...

This IGES Issue Brief is an update on policy developments related to sustainable finance in Japan between May 2022 and August 2022. The Expert Panel on Sustainable Finance under the Financial Services Agency (FSA) published the ‘Second Report by the Expert Panel on Sustainable Finance,’ outlining the progress of developments over the past year and...

Contamination by microplastics has become a burning environmental concern due to their rapid distribution in the oceans. Oceans receive a large number of microplastics annually via river waters, direct dumping, and transportation. The cargo ship of X-Press Pearl was sunken in the seabed at a depth of about 21 m which was anchored off Colombo Port...

Microplastic pollution is one of the emerging and challenging environmental issues that we face today. Freshwaters, sediment, fauna, flora and air are increasingly reported to be contaminated with tiny plastic fragments and fibres, particles smaller than 5mm. These microplastics often originate from land-based sources such as direct littering...

The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change contains a mechanism, known as the Global Stocktake (GST), to collectively assess progress toward meeting its long-term goals for climate mitigation, adaptation and finance every five years. The outcomes of the GST then are to update their nationally determined contributions to the accord's goals based on...