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Open waste burning is a widespread practice that is provoked by a lack of systematic waste collection, the unavailability of other disposal options, and inadequate land for the final disposal of the collected waste, especially in low- and middle-income countries. From a global perspective, two billion people have no waste collection at all, and the...

Padang City, the capital of West Sumatra Province, has a population of 982,884 people as of 2021. A field study was carried out and showed that waste generation in the city reached 660.50 tonnes/day while the volume of waste disposed of at the Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA: final disposal site in Bahasa Indonesia) Aia Dingin in 2021 was 478 tonnes...

This presentation dwells on reasons why COVID-19 should be considered a transboundary risk and what it means for risk management in Asia. Transboundary risks are risks that emanate from outside the boundaries of a country or region. Countries have always faced transboundary risks. Wars for example are a typical example of a transboundary risk as...

This presentation introduces how COVID-19 has evolved into a systemic risk that sets the background for the seminar.