From 11 to 22 November, the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. As the highest decision-making body of the UNFCCC, COP oversees the implementation of agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement and reviews progress on previous commitments. COP29 will feature discussions on setting new climate finance targets and raising the ambition of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Additionally, the Biennial Transparency Report, due by the end of the year, will be submitted for the first time.
Particular attention will be paid to how the outcomes of last year's Global Stocktake (GST) will be reflected in the enhancement of NDCs. In this context, the presidency troika of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Azerbaijan, and Brazil has launched the “Mission 1.5°C Roadmap.” The troika, comprising the presidencies of COP28, COP29, and the upcoming COP30, is a collaborative framework aimed at managing the conferences. The Mission 1.5°C Roadmap seeks to unify and strengthen international cooperation to limit global average temperature rise to within 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels through the enhancement of NDCs.
Furthermore, the Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan, Mukhtar Babayev, who is set to chair COP29, has put forth the theme “In Solidarity for a Green World,” aiming to promote ambitious climate action and concrete measures. Under this theme, COP29 will address the challenges hindering NDC formulation and explore international support for a just transition.
This special page will provide insights into the key points of COP29 and updates on the latest developments in climate negotiations, including information on IGES-related side events.
News
COP29 Side Events
Shaping Global Standards through Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency Principles (CEREP) and Global Circularity Protocol (GCP)
Efforts to Realize a Sound Material-Cycle Society through Multilevel Climate Action
Promoting Adaptation for ”Climate Resilient Development”
Clean City Partnership Program (C2P2) Seminar: Urban Agenda on Climate Change, Pollution and Biodiversity Loss
Tackling Emerging Infectious Threats through Innovative Collaboration in the Era of Climate Change
Enhancing Early Warning Systems (EWS) Deployment & Further Collaboration in Asia-Pacific
Article 6.2 Implementation for High Integrity: Updates, Lessons and Challenges
Net-Zero and NDCs: Science-based Climate Policymaking And Implementation in Asia
Japan’s Efforts and Possible Contribution toward Building Decarbonization
For the Enhancement of the Implementation of Article 6 through Synergy of Capacity-Building and Private Investment
Boost "UNEA Synergy Resolution" -Synergy-Building in National Climate (NDCs) and Biodiversity Strategies (NBSAPs)-

Related Projects
UNFCCC COP Special webpage
IGES Support activity for Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF)
Global Stocktake (GST) Special webpage
IGES Activity on "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)"
Related Publications
This paper critically reassesses the dominant narrative that insufficient adaptation finance is the primary obstacle to climate change adaptation in developing countries. Through a comprehensive review of UNEP's 2023 Adaptation Gap Report (AGR2023), which has played a pivotal role in shaping this narrative, the paper uncovers serious methodological challenges in the estimation of the adaptation finance gap. These challenges are rooted in deeper, underexplored structural issues within the UNFCCC’s adaptation framework. Chief among these is the absence of clear boundaries for adaptation activities and the conflation of costs associated with human-induced climate change (HI-CC) and natural climate change (N-CC). This conflation creates a misalignment between National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and the UNFCCC’s core mandates, complicating the assessment of adaptation finance needs. By illuminating these overlooked issues, the paper advocates for more rigorous, evidence-based discussions at COP, urging a closer examination of the data underpinning climate negotiations. It argues that the complex challenges of adaptation—such as the lack of universally agreed targets and the difficulty in disentangling human and natural climate impacts—demand more precise, carefully designed solutions. Ultimately, addressing these systemic issues is vital to ensuring that adaptation efforts are both equitable and effective, enabling more resilient outcomes for all developing countries.
The report "10 New Insights in Climate Science" has been jointly produced annually since 2017 by Future Earth, The Earth League, and the World Climate Research Programme. This policy report compiles ten key scientific findings from the latest climate change research papers, along with policy recommendations. It is released each year to coincide with UNFCCC COP.
Dr.Nanda Kumar JANARDHANAN, Deputy Director- Climate and Energy Area and South Asia Regional Coordinator, contributed to the writing of Insight 9: Closing governance gaps in the energy transition minerals global value chain is crucial for a just and equitable energy transition.