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Different baseline endowments and circumstances among countries, including local events, have resulted in disparities in energy policy and status. Differences in energy status have caused countries to make various decisions, but with the implementation of grid interconnections, some countries elected to plan the development of their energy sector...

A waste bank is a unique community-based waste management system that promotes source separation of waste and recycling. This study conducted a total population sampling targeting all identified waste bank units in Medan City (N = 100) between September 2017 and February 2018. Descriptive statistics were applied to address 16 research questions and...

Adaptation effectiveness cannot be achieved by focusing on one stage of the adaptation process, rather it needs an all-encompassing approach. The current undue attention on a few stages of adaptation planning needs to be reconsidered. Adaptation effectiveness is vital to inform both national and local level adaptation actions as well as progress...

Just like adaptation, L&D has grown into an extensive science and policy area and things are very complicated even for the researchers to take a stock of it and to provide solutions. A large part of this confusion is coming from the disjoint between the global negotiations and at the national level. While at the ground level, most L&D solutions are...

Evaluating the effectiveness of adaptation policies and actions is key to understanding whether they have reduced climate risks and achieved other intended outcomes. The goals are to ensure that adaptation is adequate to address climate risks, do not foster negative unintended consequences over space and time, and inform adaptation financing...

Climate security refers to the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on peace and security. It also refers to the impact of climate change on the political stability, human security, national security, etc. Climate change as a threat multiplier, can exacerbate the underlying traditional security issues and human security issues. Hence...

Assessing heat-related health risks is important for sustainable urban development. Although fine-scale information (e.g., at the community/neighborhood or city block level) is ideal for identifying and mitigating these risks, previous studies have preferred to work at the administrative unit level. High-resolution Local Climate Zone (LCZ) maps, i...

Although developing countries have compiled greenhouse gas inventories (GHGI) for over 20 years, improving national GHGI capacity remains a priority under the Paris Agreement. However, a global assessment of GHGI capacity status and change over time has not yet been conducted. By developing a quantifiable GHGI capacity and quality indices based on...

IGES has been collaborating with Shabondama Soap., Ltd., the City of Kitakyusu, the University of Kitakyushu, and the University of Palangka Raya to implment the SDGs Verification Survey funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), titled as "Disseminating Japanese Technologies to Extinguish Forest and Peatland Fire Using...