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Despite the Philippines being identified as one of the leading contributors to global ocean plastic pollution, assessing the scale of microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) contamination is severely hindered by resource limitations, inconsistent methodologies, and a lack of technical expertise. This study evaluates the capacity and training needs...

Microplastics (MPs) are plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm in size that pose a significant threat to the environment and human health. They are generated from primary and secondary sources, forming a part of waste from commercial products and through the degradation of larger plastic pieces. An increasing number of scientific studies have shown...

This chapter explores a decent climate policy in Japan against the background of the unfortunate current situation resulting from Japan’s unwise climate and energy policies to date. Japan experienced serious industrial pollution during its period of rapid economic growth from the 1960s onward, as exemplified by Minamata disease and Yokkaichi air...

The New Carbon Order: IETA Greenhouse Gas Report 2025 compiles contributions from guest authors to highlight perspectives on emerging challenges and opportunities in international carbon markets. The contribution "Article 6 Implementation: A Global Snapshot" draws on the Paris Agreement Article 6 Implementation Partnership (A6IP) Center's Paris...

IGES's GHG emissions database aims to compile the latest information on GHG and CO2 emissions, as reported annually by UNFCCC Annex I countries. The data covers the period from from 1990 up to two years before the submission date of the reports. This database also provides information on target compliance, in order to compare historical emission...

From "Islands of Excellence" to a "Sea of Change": How ASEAN's Secondary Cities are Localising the SDGs in the region As the ASEAN region rapidly urbanises, the focus often falls on its mega-cities. However, a quiet transformation is underway in the region’s secondary cities -- the agile urban centres that are proving to be fertile ground for...

Single-use plastics (SUPs) remain a major contributor to environmental degradation in ASEAN+3 despite a decade of national bans, regional declarations, and growing circular economy commitments. Yet most policy frameworks continue to rely on product-focused interventions – bans, charges, and recycling mandates – without adequately considering the...

As more cities adopt resilient net-zero policies, local-level assessments of the current and future health impacts of warmer temperatures are becoming increasingly important. These assessments may be even more useful if they demonstrate how health impacts of different predicted temperatures vary across acclimatized/non-acclimatized groups. This...