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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has become one of the most important regions in the global climate debate because it combines rapid economic growth, rising energy demand, and high climate vulnerability. This regional context has become more urgent after the outcome of the first Global Stocktake (GST 1) adopted at CMA.5 in 2023...

Agriculture in semi-arid regions is increasingly vulnerable to climate variability and land degradation, threatening rural livelihoods and food security. At the same time, the global transition toward clean energy, particularly solar power, offers synergistic opportunities to mitigate climate change while supporting sustainable rural development...

There is a growing momentum regarding the necessity of youth engagement in environmental processes. A recent milestone is the resolution adopted at the 7th United Nations Environmental Assembly (UNEA-7) in December 2025, titled “Resolution on enhancing the meaningful participation of youth in Environmental Processes and on environmental education...

Transparency and traceability of materials within supply chains are becoming increasingly important, as reflected in recent EU policies and growing consumer demand. In addition, companies adopting sustainable practices—such as procuring recycled plastics—require robust methods to substantiate and verify their sustainability efforts. This paper...

This study explored the governance structure that supported the implementation of the European plastic circular economy by examining the relationships among legal requirements, technical standards, industrial practices, and digital infrastructure. In recent years, the European Union (EU) has strengthened its circular economy policies through...

The report looks at the current state of the green economy transition in ASEAN, examining green economy metrics, job creation, policies and regulations, and investment opportunities. It identifies gaps and offers recommendations for policymakers. The report notes the need for country-specific strategies, while underscoring the power of regional...

Bhutan faces mounting pressure on its municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems. Its capital city, Thimphu, generates approximately 50 tonnes of MSW per day, of which roughly 30 tonnes per day is organic (wet) waste that is currently deposited at the Memelakha landfill — an ageing open-dumpsite already well beyond its intended lifespan. At the...