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The basic idea behind EPR is that: the burden of responsibility for the end-of-life treatment of products placed onto the market should be taken by the producers. EPR is usually conceived as a comprehensive policy package, combining various instruments to simultaneously achieve three distinct objectives: - Improved waste management and resource...

Efficient use of materials is becoming a major policy concern for rapidly emerging economies due to the risk of resource crises and price hikes in resources. A “phased approach” would promote a resource-efficient global economy as different countries face different challenges in the management of waste and materials. Such programs should be country...

The Recycling Rate and Target is often presented as a proportional value (%) and reflects the proportion of materials recycled or recovered from waste or the rate of inclusion of recycled materials in products. High figures usually imply progress in recycling activities. The indicator has several different aspects: 1) Ratio of recycled materials...

Agenda 21, which was adopted at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED Earth Summit), placed Green Purchasing as a key tool to both reduce environmental load and raise levels of sustainable consumption and production. Further, Goal 22 of the HaNoi 3R Declaration (Sustainable 3R Goals or Asia for 2013-2023) is to...