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Open dumping and landfilling are the two predominant waste disposal methods in Thailand. In 2009, only 23% of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was separated for recycling. As far as on land disposal is concerned, it has been estimated that 47% of collected waste is being landfilled and 53% is being openly dumped. These simple MSW management methods are...

Phitsanulok Municipality has gradually achieved the zero waste target through the 3Rs implementation, polluter pay principle, public participation, pre-treatment prior to landfill and pyrolysis. The remaining waste to landfill is approximately 5%.

This background paper was prepared by experts of the Asia Resource Circulation Policy Research Group to facilitate discussions on policy and performance indicators on the 3Rs and resource efficiency. It discusses why the indicators are useful in monitoring progress in 3R efforts, existing good practices, opportunities for improving the capacity...