Publications

Most industrial operations are linear processes in which raw materials are processed into products, with waste as a by-product. However, waste is also generated at the time of raw material extraction, during processing, and ultimately at the end-of-life stage of a product. To minimise, reutilise or recycle waste at each stage, industrial operations...

The Recycling Rate and Target is often presented as a proportional value (%) and reflects the proportion of materials recycled or recovered from waste or the rate of inclusion of recycled materials in products. High figures usually imply progress in recycling activities. The indicator has several different aspects: 1) Ratio of recycled materials...

MSW (municipal solid waste) generation and MSW generation per capita refer to indicators of environmental pressures humankind exerts on the environment (OECD, 2003), and by extension, environmental pressures caused by the use of natural resources. Currently, 340 million tons of MSW is generated a year in South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific Region...

The indicator “promoting full-scale use of agricultural biomass residue and livestock waste” aims to maximise use of agricultural biomass residue and livestock waste through reuse and recycling measures. This would bring about a number of co‐benefits, including GHG emission reduction, energy security, poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods in...

A participatory pilot project is implemented based on the result of group’s discussion and brainstorming at the training workshop that carried out in Phitsanulok Municipality, Thailand. After returning to Battambang, Cambodia, a working group was formulated by the trainees in August 2012. Members of the working group include representatives from...

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is considered to be one of the most serious environmental issues in the Philippines. The annual waste generation was estimated at 10 million tons in 2010 and this is expected to rise by 40% in 2020. The Republic Act (RA) 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, provides the necessary...

While the form of new framework including new market mechanisms with participation from all the Parties under the UNFCCC will be further discussed and elaborated in order to be agreed upon by 2015 and implemented by 2020, CDM still has a significant role in terms of the foundation of market-based mechanisms and supporting tools especially for the...