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This briefing reviews key international developments in climate change adaptation in 2025–2026 and considers their implications for the Asia-Pacific region ahead of COP31. It examines the shift from global framework-setting toward implementation across major areas, including the global goal on adaptation (GGA), transformational adaptation, locally...

The adoption of the 59 Belém Adaptation Indicators in 2025 marked a major step toward assessing progress on the Paris Agreement’s global goal on adaptation. This policy brief examines how the indicators can support global assessment, national monitoring, evaluation and learning while preserving country-driven adaptation. It identifies...

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has become one of the most important regions in the global climate debate because it combines rapid economic growth, rising energy demand, and high climate vulnerability. This regional context has become more urgent after the outcome of the first Global Stocktake (GST 1) adopted at CMA.5 in 2023...

From a planetary-health perspective, the transgression of planetary boundaries through climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution is shrinking the safe operating space for humanity. The degradation of air, water, soil and ecosystems undermines nutrition, disease control and resilience. The planetary-health framing therefore highlights the need...

This presentation reflected on the experience of developing the ASEAN Climate Change Strategic Action Plan 2026–2030 (ACCSAP) to examine how evidence can move beyond assessment and analysis to influence policy and support implementation. The ACCSAP experience showed that evidence becomes policy-relevant not simply through technical quality, but...

Highland regions in Thailand are increasingly vulnerable to climate change due to rapid land-use transitions, environmental degradation, and shifting socio-economic conditions. This Discussion Papaer examines the drivers and dimensions of vulnerability in the Thai highlands, with particular attention to the expansion of maize cultivation and...

In October 2025, an extraordinary session of the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee was held. Negotiations took place on a draft amendment to the Convention aimed at achieving the international target of ‘GHG emissions from international shipping by around 2050’. Japan has been co-sponsoring the proposal alongside Europe and leading the...

Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) systems are essential for effective National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), a need intensified by the adoption of the Belém Adaptation Indicators at COP30. Japan addresses this through a statutory framework under the Climate Change Adaptation Act, managing progress via a systematic five-year PDCA cycle. This...

Non-economic loss and damage (NELD) associated with climate change is increasingly recognized as a critical yet under-assessed dimension of climate risk, particularly in vulnerable regions such as Africa. This study presents an analytical framework for synthesizing evidence from a systematic literature review conducted under the ASCEND initiative...

This concluding piece of the Asia-Pacific Climate Security (APCS) report series will discuss the outlook for future climate security research and activities. The report series has presented essential summaries, including key messages and policy recommendations, of the project's three year research efforts. This project has sought to clarify whether...