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The calculation of national ecological footprints usingworld average productivities can lead to biased results due to the neglect of spatial variation in in-situ ecological impacts. To address this issue,we apply a regional approach to generate ecological footprints based on the multi-region input–output model. This method enables us to trace the...

The conventional pricing mechanism used for electricity systematically hides huge investment and other safety risks which are embedded in the overall cost of production. Especially in the case of nuclear energy, safety risks are often ignored when making an overall cost estimation which keeps it cost competitive. Although consumers are often...