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Corporate motives and strategies of both investing and hosting country affect the outcomes of a CDM project-who introduces what technology to whom-and result in large differences in economic viability and the CO2 emission reductions. This is particularly true for steel industry in which steel making consists of many detailed and complex processes...

In light of the recent argument that rapid economic growth in Russia over the next decade might result in emissions higher than the Kyoto target, thereby putting much needed growth at risk, this paper revisits the discussion on the costs and benefits of ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Russia. The paper suggests that evens under a very...

Despite reform of forest law to embrace the concept of sustainable forest management and the development of a raft of subordinate regulations/guidelines to implement the Forestry Act, forests in Papua New Guinea (PNG) continue to be degraded by industrial-scale commercial logging operations. Numerous independent reports over the past two decades...

Remarks: Paper prepared for the International Conference on Greening of Agro-Industries and Networks in Asia: Challenges and Opportunities, Bang

The transport sector provides vital services in urban areas, but at the same time causes serious urban problems. The negative effects of urban transport activities include air pollution, accidents, congestion, noise from road transport, energy consumption, and consumption of land and other natural resources for the production of vehicles and...

"Compact city" in this policy option refers to land planning focusing on higher density and better accessibility which reduces automobile dependency. "Smart growth" is a general term for land use practices that create more accessible land use patterns which reduce the amount of travel needed to reach goods and services (Litman, 2003a). Experiences...

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a system that emphasises priority for and rapid movement of buses by securing segregated busways. BRT is also called other names including “high-capacity bus systems,” “high-quality bus systems”, “metro-bus” “express bus systems,” “busway systems,” and “surface metro systems”. The extent of dedicated infrastructure and...

Car sharing is a scheme which offers members access to a vehicle without ownership. Vehicles are collectively owned and maintained by car sharing organisations. The system can be thought of as organised short-term car rental; people who want to use those vehicles become members of those organisations, and make reservations when they need to drive...