Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants

In Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems
Chapter: 11
Book Chapter
Cover

This chapter reviews recent developments in microplastic-related research; identifies major sources of microplastics to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); investigates the detection methods, concentration levels, and removal efficiency of microplastics at selected WWTPs; and presents a discussion on microplastics removal from wastewater and sludge using biological wastewater treatment processes. The findings are subsequently summarized to suggest potential improvements and future directions for research and development addressing the issue of microplastic pollution. The research identified that supportive policy measures coupled with effective WWTP designs are important for minimizing microplastic-related pollution. In addition, knowledge of the origins of microplastics is useful for WWT system designers, practitioners, policymakers, product designers, and other stakeholders. While sampling and analytical methods continue to evolve, several recommended best practices include focusing on the minimization of contamination, reproducibility, and the applicability of methods in WWTP facilities. Because microplastics can include complex composite polymers with additives, adsorbents, and biofilm, further research on toxicity, chemical leachability, and pathogenic biofilm properties is needed to understand the potential impact on biological wastewater treatment systems.

Author:
Induka
Werellagama
Pradeep
Gajanayake
Bhagya
Nallaperuma
Selim
Karkour
Xuan-Thanh
Bui
Norihiro
Itsubo
Date: