mangrove

This chapter contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the island socio-ecological system by a synthesis of the state and trend of, and the drivers of changes in ecosystems and their services, focusing on mangroves in Ishigaki Island. The current extent of mangroves on the Island is limited to small patches along a few river estuaries, which...

（Japanese title: 世界のマングローブ林面積・変化（GMW））

This submission provides our input for the first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement. Our input focuses on a satellite-based map of global mangrove extent and changes: Global Mangrove Watch (GMW).

Summary of the submission:

• Nature-based Solutions (NbS), including coastal and marine NbS, such...