機械的・生物学的処理(MBT)は、投棄される廃棄物の量を削減するために埋立前に行う事前の処理手法である。MBTでは、文字通り機械的な破砕・選別プロセ スと、生物学的処理(好気性・嫌気性分解など)を組み合わせて処理を行う。MBTは、廃棄物処理という観点からは、系統的分別がされていない家庭から出る 未分別の廃棄物にも適用できるというメリットがある。MBT施設では、様々な目的のため多数のプロセスを様々な組み合わせで利用することができる。資源の観 点からは、廃棄物由来の固形燃料(RDF/SRF)の生産にもMBTを用いることができ、選別プロセスにより金属などのリサイクル資源を回収できるメリットもある。また、嫌気性消化によってバイオガスも回収できる。嫌気性消化プロセスによって生成される発酵残渣に加えて...
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本ガイドラインは、アジアの開発途上国の都市において、主に家庭廃棄物と商業廃棄物であるMSWを対象とするWtE焼却技術に焦点を当てている。本ガイドラインは、WtE焼却について明確に理解する上で参考になる付加的な知識や情報を求める、国および都市レベルの意思決定者および政策立案者、住民やその他関係者が、廃棄物管理の改善に役立つ適切な選択肢としてWtE焼却技術導入の実現可能性について検討するのを支援することを目的としている。本ガイドラインは、 以下のことを提供する。 (1)WtE焼却技術を、そのメリットとデメリットを含め全体的に理解できるようにし、持続可能なWtE焼却プラントを計画する上での技術的および非技術的側面について説明する。 (2)WtE焼却技術の導入可能性を検討する際に...
Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) is a pretreatment method used before landfilling to reduce the amount of waste to be disposed.3 MBT literally means the combination of mechanical crushing and sorting processes and biological treatment (e.g. aerobic and anaerobic decomposition) (Fig. 2). The advantage of MBT in terms of appropriate waste...
Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収
This chapter evaluates the capacity of environmental policies to achieve transformational change in addressing cross-cutting global sustainable development challenges. To this end, the chapter addresses the major challenges of adapting socioeconomic systems to climate change, creating a sustainable agricultural and food production system...
Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収
Providing a decent life and well-being for nearly 10 billion1 people by 2050, without further compromising the ecological limits of our planet and its benefits, is one of the most serious challenges and responsibilities humanity has ever faced. People worldwide rely on the smooth functioning of Earth’s natural life-support systems, in different...
Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current Land and Soil policy framework and the related shortcomings, especially in terms of policy cohesion and implementation, as well as overall effectiveness. The subsequent sections present case studies of different sets of legal and policy instruments, economic tools and incentives, as well...
Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収
The importance of good policy design cannot be overstressed. Some common elements are: i. setting a long-term vision and avoiding crisis-mode policy decisions, through inclusive, participatory design processes; ii. establishing a baseline, quantified targets and milestones; iii. conducting ex ante and ex post cost–benefit or costeffectiveness...
Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収
This chapter presents a set of conclusions for Part B of the sixth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6), reached through the findings of the previous chapters about policy effectiveness (Chapters 10-17). It summarizes for policymakers what is known to work best and why, including a synthesized discussion of the limitations of the evidence available...
Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収
An analysis of pathways towards sustainable development needs a long-term vision. Ideally, such a vision is summarized in a quantitative set of globally agreed key objectives or targets. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in September 2015, conceptualizes sustainable development through 17 SDGs and is further operationalized...
Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収
Various policy approaches show that water quantity and quality have serious implications for human and ecosystem health, and that these interactions are driven by changes in multiple sectors. Governance is increasingly opened up to non-State actors, such as the private sector and civil society. Decision-making thus needs to consider the full range...