The global population is concentrating unprecedentedly into urban areas, raising concerns on global sustainability and human well-being. There also exists a niche trend of migration from urban to rural areas particularly in countries with post-industrial economies. This paper investigated values of migration expressed by the migrants arrived in...
本レポートは、2021年6月に発表された生物多様性及び生態系サービスに関する政府間科学－政策プラットフォーム（IPBES）／気候変動に関する政府間パネル（IPCC）合同ワークショップ報告書「IPBES-IPCC Co-Sponsored Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Climate Change」の和訳を中心に、IGES研究員による解説や関連情報、IPBES及びIPCC関係者による鼎談等を収録したものです。ここには、生物多様性と気候変動への統合的な取り組みの重要性と論点、ならびに今後のIPBESやIPCCなどへの示唆がわかりやすく解説されています。
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Peatlands in tropical regions like Indonesia are undergoing irreversible subsidence due to changes in land use (e.g., deforestation) and land management practices (e.g., drainage alteration), resulting in massive amounts of soil...
Many developing countries in Asia are experiencing rapid urban expansion in climate hazard prone areas. To support climate resilient urban planning efforts, here we present an approach for simulating future urban land-use changes and evaluating potential flood exposure at a high spatial resolution (30 m) and national scale. As a case study, we...
This chapter identifies significant transformations in agricultural land in terms of land use and land-use changes, analyses major drivers and trade-offs, and describes substantial policy interventions to arrest negative trends. The rapidly growing population and their needs constitute one of the significant drivers of land-use changes in the...
温暖化に伴う水害の激甚化を受けて、地方自治体において防災・減災対策と適応策を統合し、適応能力と感受性により構成される脆弱性を低減させることが急務である。しかし、適応能力は多様な社会経済的な要素を含むため、政策上どの構成要素が重要であるかに関する包括的な検討は限定的である。そこで、本稿は、アンケート調査を実施し、地方自治体の現在の防災対策実施状況（ハード・ソフト・転換策の合計44対策）と各対策に関する将来の適応策の必要性認識に基づいて適応能力と感受性の構成要素の重要度を評価した。結果として、重要度が高く評価された適応能力要素は、地域コミュニティの「インフラ」（防災用）、「教育」（自主避難判断力、危険認知度）、「情報」（監視警戒力、情報伝達力）、「コミュニティガバナンス」（避難誘導力）、並びに...
Globally, shifting cultivation is known to be an important driver of tropical deforestation. However, we argue that it can be sustainably managed if the environmental boundary conditions, laid by the traditional customs and practices, are fully respected. We narrate an empirical study from the Zunheboto district of Nagaland, India, where we...
This report is the third compilation report on policies and measures with regards to marine plastics litter taken / to be taken by the participating countries, regions and organizations. This comprehensive report was produced under the responsibility of the Ministry of Ecological Transition, Government of Italy, with the support of the Ministry of...
Scholars have quantified the impact of the production and consumption of commodities, in particular agricul- tural commodities, on biodiversity loss. Certification schemes, meanwhile, have been instituted as a means to limit biodiversity loss caused by the production of some of these commodities. This paper clarifies how biodi- versity loss can be...
Lichen is an important food source for caribou in Canada. Lichen mapping using remote sensing (RS) images could be a challenging task, however, as lichens generally appear in unevenly distributed, small patches, and could resemble surficial features. Moreover, collecting lichen labeled data (reference data) is expensive, which restricts the...