本稿は、これまでの世界の気候変動への対応が手遅れ気味で、今の「気候危機」をもたらしていることを踏まえ、気候安定化のために今後中長期に取り組むべき科学的政策展開を支援する研究分野、研究課題について展望している。炭素予算が残り少なくなってきていることから、短期的には1.5℃目標達成に向けての国内制度の迅速な整備と削減行動喚起に全力を投入する。循環経済への転換・市民力の利用がその基盤となる。これと並行して中長期には1.5℃あるいは2℃を超えるリスク、国際協力、国際政治経済変化への対応が必要となる。これらを通した長期的視点としては自然共生のもとでの持続可能性を追求してゆくことになる。
Groundwater offers smallholder farmers in the lowlands of Lao PDR opportunities to diversify cropping beyond wet season paddy and thus enhance their livelihoods while reducing climate risks. This chapter focuses on evaluating existing and specifically developed groundwater irrigation options on the Vientiane Plain, and framing the findings around...
Despite the growing global support for capacity building to improve soil management, the estimation and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals, especially from mineral soils in national GHG inventories, is still very limited. In 2021, the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) and FAO conducted a global survey to...
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are one of the most creative advances in Deep Learning (DL) in recent years. The Remote Sensing (RS) community has adopted GANs quickly, and reported successful use in a wide variety of applications. Given a sharp increase in research on GANs in the field of RS, there is a need for an in-depth review of the...
電力需要・電源設備容量が2018年度実績値又は2030年度エネルギー需給見通し（以下、2030需給見通し）見込値と同量を想定するシナリオに対して、発電コスト検証ワーキンググループ（以下、発電コスト検証WG）が想定する燃料費用及びCO2対策費用を発電ユニットごとに課す条件を与えて、実潮流に基づく電力系統運用（1時間毎の価格シグナルを用いたメリットオーダー方式による広域電力系統運用）をシミュレーションすると、2018年度実績値や2030需給見通し見込値よりも石炭火力の発電電力量が小さくなる代わりに、ガス火力の発電電力量が大きくなることが確認された。
そのため、2030年度までに再稼働できる原発の基数が2030需給見通しの見込値よりも小さくなっても（本分析では...
Inhabitants of low-lying islands face increased threats due to climate change as a result of
their higher exposure and lesser adaptive capacity. Sagar Island, the largest inhabited estuarine island
of Sundarbans, is experiencing severe coastal erosion, frequent cyclones, flooding, storm
surges, and breaching of embankments, resulting in land...
India observes the summer monsoon in June–July–August–September (JJAS) season,
and the livelihood security of a huge population depends on it. The impact of the monsoon
onset timing, length of monsoon season, rainfall amount, and related extreme events is
huge on the Indian economy. Therefore, understanding the inherent intricacies needed a
...
COVID-19 has changed the way we understand risk and vulnerability. The pandemic provides a more in-depth understanding of how systemic risks work and how they affect lives, livelihoods and economies at a broader scale. Consequently, a range of impacts was observed, including loss of human health, livelihoods, loss of general wellbeing, protracted...
The IPCC Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report addresses the challenges of climate action in the context of sustainable development with a particular focus on climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Since IPCC AR5, human influence on the Earth’s climate has become unequivocal, increasingly apparent, and...
Observed surface air temperature has increased in the 20th century all over Asia (high confidence1). Asian countries are experiencing a hotter summer climate, resulting in an increase in energy demand for cooling at a rapid rate, together with population growth (high confidence). A decrease in precipitation influences energy demand as well, as...