In contrast to other natural disasters, droughts may develop gradually and last for extended periods of time. TheWorld Meteorological Organization advises using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the early identification of drought and understanding of its characteristics over various geographical areas. In this study, we use long-term...
Open waste burning is a widespread practice that is provoked by a lack of systematic waste collection, the unavailability of other disposal options, and inadequate land for the final disposal of the collected waste, especially in low- and middle-income countries. From a global perspective, two billion people have no waste collection at all, and the...
One emerging issue in Padang City, Indonesia is waste management. In addition to a rise in population, modern lifestyles and tourism development have resulted in burgeoning waste generation, as well as more littering and burning of waste. This problem has exceeded the waste management capacity of the city. Consequently, the Batang Arau river, one...
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) has been implemented over the past decade, and has led to a restructuring of forest governance systems in host countries. In the case of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, which is promoting REDD+, activities have been implemented at national, sub-national and project scales...
Tracking decarbonization effects requires a model for the identification of spatial energy demands on city facilities. However, most developing countries lack detailed discrete time and device-specific energy demand data. In this study, we installed multiple energy demand monitoring systems that could observe electricity demands at the device level...
[Please refer to Page 74 in GAR2022 where this work is cited. The full paper will be online soon at the same website as GAR2022]
The rapidly changing socio-economic landscape of the Southeast Asian countries is an important driver for systemic risks such as climate change and hydro-geological disasters. Global processes such as the SFDRR, the...
Carbon pricing instruments (CPIs) are being developed at different rates and in different forms in ASEAN Member States. The CPI survey focused on six AMS—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam (hereafter referred as AMS-6). Taking into account the availability of facility-level MRV guidelines as well as the sectoral...
Groundwater offers smallholder farmers in the lowlands of Lao PDR opportunities to diversify cropping beyond wet season paddy and thus enhance their livelihoods while reducing climate risks. This chapter focuses on evaluating existing and specifically developed groundwater irrigation options on the Vientiane Plain, and framing the findings around...
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